nownovels Chapter 725: The Fake Science Sage Yan Changqing, The Real God Shen Kuo [Please Subscribe, Please Su
Chapter 725: The Fake Science Sage Yan Changqing, The Real God Shen Kuo [Please Subscribe, Please Su
After viewing the ancient firewood energy exhibition hall and the contemporary coal and biogas energy exhibition hall, Zhu Yuanzhang and all the civil and military officials were even more looking forward to the next energy exhibition hall.
Because according to the trend that Saint Ban Heng just described, what they will see next is likely to be the energy exhibition hall of the future!
In other words, they are likely to see what energy people are using tens or hundreds of years from now, or even hundreds of years from now!
In other words, it is a peek into the future!
If someone told them to take a peek into the future and let them see what energy people will use tens or hundreds of years from now, or even hundreds of years from now, they would not believe it.
But if Saint Ban Heng asked them to take a peek into the future and let them see what energy people will use tens or hundreds of years from now, or even hundreds of years from now, they would only have one idea:
"Wow, as expected of Saint Ban Heng, he can really do what ordinary people can't!!!"
Well, when it comes to Saint and others, they have such double standards.
And Saint Banheng did not disappoint them, taking them directly into the No. 3 Exhibition Hall, which is the Future Energy Exhibition Hall.
The first thing that caught the eyes of Zhu Yuanzhang and all the civil and military officials in the Future Energy Exhibition Hall was a pitch-black oily object contained in a large transparent glass box -
Then, Yan Changqing also introduced:
"After the coal energy era and the biogas energy era, I think the next energy era will be the oil energy era.
Hearing what Saint Ban Heng said about "petroleum", Song Lian frowned slightly. After thinking for a while, he was a little unsure and said:
"Could the 'oil' Saint mentioned refer to the 'oil' recorded by Mengxi's father-in-law in "Mengxi Bi Tan"?!!"
Yan Changqing looked at Song Lian with admiration and nodded. He was worthy of being a leading scholar in the Ming Dynasty. His ability to memorize extensive knowledge was indeed very powerful.
Just based on the word "petroleum" he said, the corresponding record source was immediately found.
"Yes, that's the oil!"
"Petroleum first appeared in the "Book of Han" written by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 32-92), which recorded: "Gao Nu has water that can burn". The water here refers to oil. "
"It is also recorded in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": 'There is a mountain in the south of the county, and the stone comes out of the spring. It is as big as a pipe (jǔ). It burns very brightly and is inedible. The people in the county call it stone lacquer.' The stone lacquer mentioned here , also refers to oil.”
"In addition, Duan Chengwu's "Youyang Zazu" of the Tang Dynasty (around 863 AD) also recorded: 'The stone fat water in Gaonu County is greasy and floating on the water, like lacquer, and is made of Dīpankara, which is extremely bright'. It says here Shizhishui also refers to petroleum."
"Also, in the "Natural History" of the Western Jin Dynasty (written in 267) and the "Shui Jing Zhu" by Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty, there are also records of spring water from the Nanshan Mountain in Yanshou County, Jiuquan, Gansu: The water is fertile, like meat juice, and when taken out of a container In the middle, it is yellow at first and then black, like gelatin. It burns very brightly and is no different from the paste. The paste is very good with the water jar. The other person is painted with paint.
"The stone paint mentioned here also refers to petroleum."
"In the Song Dynasty, when Mr. Shen Kuo and Shen Mengxi read in a book, 'There is water in Gaonu County that is flammable,' he felt very strange. How could water possibly burn?"
"So he decided to conduct an on-site investigation. During the investigation, he discovered a brown liquid, which the locals called 'stone paint' and 'stone grease'. They used it to cook, light lamps and keep warm.
"Then after Shen Mengxi further understood the properties and uses of this liquid, he gave it a new name, petroleum."
"And he also wrote in his book "Mengxi Bi Tan": "There is oil in the territory of Yan and Yan... It is quite like pure lacquer, burning like hemp, but the smoke is very thick and the stain is very thick.
...This thing will be popular in the world from now on, and it will be done from the beginning. It can be covered with as much oil as it can be grown in the ground endlessly, unlike pine trees that sometimes run out. "
“At the same time, people are also mobilized to promote the use of oil, thereby reducing the felling of trees.
Speaking of this, Yan Changqing couldn't help but admire Shen Mengxi.
Shen Kuo and Shen Mengxi are also god-level figures!
During the Song Dynasty, the existence and role of oil were discovered and confirmed, and it was also boldly predicted that oil "will become popular in the world in the future"!
And judging from the development of future generations, there is no doubt that Shen Kuo’s prediction about oil was right!!
You know, the 19th century is known as the "Century of Oil"!!!
After the 19th century, the importance of oil was heightened to an unprecedented level.
How can a country like the Middle East be the richest in the world with a piece of cloth on its head?!!
To put it bluntly, isn’t it because they hold the largest oil reserves in the world!!!
It can be seen from this that the importance of oil and Shen Kuo's long-term and outstanding vision are limited to the times!!!
In addition to petroleum, Shen Kuo devoted his life to scientific research and had profound attainments and outstanding achievements in many disciplines.
For example, mathematics:
Shen Kuo pioneered the gap product technique, which refers to how to calculate the stack product. Shen Kuo used analogy and induction methods, based on the volume formula, to convert the cumulative number of discontinuous individuals into a continuous overall value to solve the problem. He already had the ability to use a continuous model to solve the problem. The idea of solving discrete problems.
In the history of Chinese mathematics, the problem of summation of arithmetic series, which had been stagnant since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, was developed and advanced to a new stage of summation of high-order arithmetic series, creating a precedent for the study of stacking techniques in China.
Shen Kuo also pioneered the art of rounding, which actually refers to the method of finding arcs from strings. The main idea is to partially replace the curve directly with the curve [Yu Kang's arc Zhumi system gives ten more practical approximate public groups.
In the history of Chinese mathematics, Shen Kuo was the first to use chords and vectors to find the approximate value of the solitary length.
The creation of this method not only promoted the development of plane geometry, but also played an important role in astronomical calculations and made an important contribution to the development of Chinese spherical trigonometry.
Another example, physics:
Shen Kuo recorded the method of artificial magnetization and conducted experiments with artificial magnetized needles to conduct in-depth research on compasses.
And compared the four installation methods of the compass: water float method, bowl edge method, nail method and suspension wire method, pointed out that the suspension wire method is the best, and made corresponding analysis.
There is also magnetic declination, which refers to the angle between the geomagnetic meridian and the geographical meridian at any point on the earth's surface, that is, the angle between the north pointed by the magnetic needle and true north when the magnetic needle is stationary.
Shen Kuo was the first person in the world to experimentally prove that the magnetic needle "can guide the guide, but it always points slightly eastward", that is, the geomagnetic north and south poles do not completely coincide with the geographical north and south poles, and there is a magnetic declination.
This was more than 400 years before Columbus discovered the phenomenon of magnetic declination when he crossed the Atlantic Ocean.
Another example, optics:
Shen Kuo made an accurate and vivid description of the principle of small hole imaging and concave mirror imaging through observation experiments.
He used the concept of "obstacle" (focus) to point out the laws of linear propagation of light and imaging of concave mirrors, and called the imaging of light through the "obstacle" a lattice technique, which is the equiangular spatial transformation relationship in modern optics.
Shen Kuo also studied the differences in mirror imaging between flat surfaces, concave and convex surfaces, etc., and noticed the relationship between surface curvature differences and imaging, and used this to study the relationship between the correct handling of mirror concavity and imaging size when "ancient people cast mirrors". After analysis, it was proposed that if the small plane mirror is polished to be convex, it can "accommodate the human face".
Shen Kuo also made a correct inference on the principle of light-transmitting bronze mirrors, which promoted the research on "light-transmitting mirrors" in later generations.
In addition, Shen Kuo also recorded the content of "red light autopsy" for the first time, which is the earliest record of the application of light filters in China and still has practical significance today.
Another example is Gu Xue:
Through the observation of acoustic phenomena, Shen Kuo noticed that the pitch of pitch is determined by the vibration frequency, and recorded the resonance phenomenon of sound.
He also used paper figures to amplify the resonance on the strings, vividly illustrating the resonance phenomenon of the corresponding strings, which was 500 years earlier than Noble and Piggott's experiment of paper strings on the strings.
Shen Kuo also proposed the cavitation effect of "virtual energy to absorb sound" to explain why soldiers used leather quivers as pillows and could hear the sounds of people and horses miles away.
In addition, Shen Kuo also recorded and in-depth analyzed the acoustic problems of bell making.
For another example, in terms of geographical topography, based on the phenomenon that the tops of the steep and steep Yandang peaks are on the same plane, he inferred that Yandang Mountain was formed by the erosion of flowing water: flowing water washed away loose and broken rocks, soil, etc. , leaving behind hard, solid and steep mountain peaks.
This view of "water erosion" is very correct. It was not until the end of the 18th century that Hutton of Great Britain proposed a similar view in his book "Earth Theory", about 700 years later than Shen Kuo.
Shen Kuo also recorded in detail the fossils found in various places, and used the fossils to infer ancient climate changes, explain the atmospheric refraction phenomenon of rainbows, scientifically describe the causes, shapes and destructive power of tornadoes, and use the waxing and waning of the moon to demonstrate the sun and moon. shape and the relationship between ocean tides and the moon, etc.
It can be said that Shen Kuo's research on physical geography was at the forefront of the world at that time in many aspects.
Similarly, Shen Kuo also made great achievements in geography and cartography.
According to the order, he compiled the Map of Prefectures and Counties in the World. The seven maps are large and detailed, and are rarely seen before.
There are twenty maps in the complete set, including a general map of the country and regional maps, with a scale of 1/900,000.
In terms of cartographic methods, Shen Kuo proposed nine methods such as fractionation, quasi-expectation, mutual integration, side inspection, high and low, square and oblique, and roundabout, and divided the "twenty-four to" according to square areas, thus greatly improving the map quality. scientific nature.
Shen Kuo also pioneered the use of "flying bird diagrams" to draw maps, replacing the traditional route-based mapping. "Bird map" is also "the number of birds flying", which uses the direct distance of flying birds, similar to aerial photography, which greatly improves the accuracy of the map.
In addition, when Shen Kuo inspected the Hebei border defense, he also made a three-dimensional geographical model on wooden boards of the mountains, rivers, roads and terrain he inspected, and presented it to Shenzong.
This is the first clear record of a wooden topographic map in the history of Chinese maps, seven hundred years earlier than the geographical model map that appeared in the eighth century of Ruichousheng.
In addition, in terms of water conservancy, he presided over the water management project, also participated in the construction of Wuhu Wanchun Polder, and wrote "Five Comments on Polder", "Wanchun Polder Book" and other works on polder.
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He also presided over the dredging project of the Bianhe River and personally measured the terrain of the more than 840-mile stretch of the lower reaches of the Bianhe River from Kaifeng to the Huaihe River bank in Sizhou.
The "layered weir measurement method" was used to measure the horizontal height difference within the 420-kilometer straight line distance from Shangshanmen in Kaifeng, Henan, to Huaikou in Sizhou, which is 63.3 meters. It is the earliest method and process of horizontal elevation measurement recorded in surviving ancient documents. and results scientists.
For another example, in medicine, he collected medical prescriptions and compiled them into two medical books "Liangfang" and "Lingyuan Prescription".
In addition, Shen Kuo's contribution to medicine is also reflected in: "Liangfang" describes in detail the key points of Qiushi's Yin and Yang two-refining method, which some commentators believe is the earliest preparation method of "extracting steroid hormones" in the world.
At the same time, the "Medicine Stone Well" in "Mengxi Forgetting Record"
Description, considered to be the earliest method of preparing magnetized and mineralized water.
Moreover, "Mengxi Bi Tan" also recorded the medicinal value of some minerals, such as Mangcao, Tianzhuhuang, etc.
In terms of economy, Shen Kuo served as the third director for a total of one year and eight months, presiding over the reform of the salt banknote method and the reform of the copper casting method.
In terms of military affairs, Shen Kuo studied military books and carefully studied military issues such as city defense, formations, military vehicles, weapons, strategies and tactics while serving as the visiting envoy of Hebei West Road and the commander of weapons inspection.
The title was compiled into military works such as "City Building French Treaty" and "Bianzhou Formation".
And successfully applied some advanced science and technology to military science, making certain contributions to improving the quality of weapons and equipment.
There are nearly 20 entries related to military affairs in "Mengxi Bi Tan", which describe some battles Shen Kuo personally experienced, battle examples of ancient famous generals, and some ancient war offensive and defensive methods and strategies.
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For example, the introduction of the characteristics of "Helian City" and the analysis of the role of war sheds provide precious military research materials for future generations.
In addition, in terms of chemistry, he used bile water to smelt copper and petroleum to make ink.
In astronomy, he improved instruments, observed astronomical phenomena, and reformed the calendar.
Even in art, Shen Kuo also made achievements.
For example, in terms of music, Shen Kuo is also an expert in rhythm.
According to "Song History, Art and Literature", Shen Kuo also wrote "Music Theory", "Musical Instrument Pictures", "Three Musical Scores", "Music Temperament" and other works.
There are more than 40 music-related descriptions in "Mengxi Bi Tan", which studies and explains the scale theory of ancient music.
It describes Shen Kuo's research on Yan music in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as the origin of Yan music, the twenty-eight tunes of Yan music, the structure and performance form of Tang and Song operas, Tang and Song calligraphy, etc.
It also examines the shape, materials, distribution and evolution of some musical instruments.
In terms of calligraphy and painting, Shen Kuo is also an expert in the collection and appreciation of calligraphy and painting.
Shen Kuo wrote "Picture Song", using the method of song and poetry to evaluate the works and styles of more than 50 famous painters from the Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. The language is concise and the perspective is unique.
The famous calligrapher and painter Mi Fu and others spoke highly of it.
What is the decathlon?!!
Mathematics, physics, geography, water conservancy, medicine, economics, military, chemistry, astronomy, and art have all made achievements, and most of them are hundreds of years ahead of the world.
His Eminem's one is called Decathlon!!!
It can be said that Shen Kuo is known as "the most outstanding figure in the entire history of Chinese science" [definitely a well-deserved evaluation!!!
His representative work "Mengxi Bi Tan" is rich in content and integrates the scientific achievements of previous generations. It also plays an important role in the history of world culture and is called "the history of Chinese science".
"Milestone", there is absolutely no adulteration!!!
In Yan Changqing's view, Shen Kuo was definitely a genius who was born at the wrong time and was greatly underestimated by his time!!!
If Shen Kuo were placed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of the Song Dynasty for more than a thousand years, he would definitely be called a figure like a hundred schools of thought.
Even if Mozi was in person, Shen Kuo might not be able to fight with him. He might even be able to defeat Mozi today, and then become a new generation of Mozi himself!
Similarly, if Shen Kuo was placed in the Ming Dynasty more than two hundred years after the Song Dynasty, Yan Changqing would definitely give up the name of his scientific saint Ban Heng and let Shen Kuo become the dean of the Academy of Sciences [and then he became
Not vice president.
After all, his family knows his own affairs. Yan Changqing may be called a genius, but compared to a genius like Shen Kuo, he is just a waiter.
At least Yan Changqing cannot update the knowledge in mathematics, physics, geography, chemistry, astronomy, etc. in his mind.
But if Shen Kuo is allowed to absorb the knowledge about mathematics, physics, geography, chemistry, astronomy, etc. in Yan Changqing's mind, Shen Kuo will definitely be able to make inferences.
New things come out of the old!
However, there is no if.
After all, Shen Kuo was not born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, nor was he born in today's Tianming.
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